Mining pool
In the context of cryptocurrency mining, a mining pool is the pooling of resources by miners, who share their processing power over a network, to split the reward equally, according to the amount of work they contributed to the probability of finding a block. A "share" is awarded to members of the mining pool who present a valid partial proof-of-work. Mining in pools began when the difficulty for mining increased to the point where it could take centuries for slower miners to generate a block. The solution to this problem was for miners to pool their resources so they could generate blocks more quickly and therefore receive a portion of the block reward on a consistent basis, rather than randomly once every few years.
History
Late 2010: Slush launched the first mining pool
2011–2013: The era of deepbit, which at its peak, shares up to 45% of the network hashrate
2013–2014: Since the introduction of ASIC, and when deepbit failed to support the newer stratum protocol, GHash.IO replaced deepbit and became the largest
2014–2015: Rise of China. F2Pool which launched in May 2013, replaced GHash.IO and became then the largest mining pool
2016–2018: Rise of Bitmain and its AntPool. Bitmain also controls a few other smaller pools like BTC.com and ViaBTC
2019–2020: The launch of Poolin. Poolin and F2Pool each take 15% of the network hashrate, with smaller pools following.
2020: Binance launches a mining pool following Huobi and OKex. Luxor launches a US-based mining pool.
Mining pool share
Share is the principal concept of the mining pool operation. Share is a potential block solution. So it may be a block solution, but it is not necessarily so. For example, suppose a block solution is a number that ends with 10 zeros and, a share may be a number with 5 zeros at the end. Sooner or later one of the shares will have not only 5, but 10 zeros at the end, and this will be the block solution.
Mining pools need shares to estimate the miner's contribution to the work performed by the pool to find a block. There are numerous miner reward systems: PPS, PROP, PPLNS, PPLNT, and many more.
Mining pool methods
Mining pools may contain hundreds or thousands of miners using specialized protocols. In all these schemes {displaystyle B}B stands for a block reward minus pool fee and {displaystyle p}p is a probability of finding a block in a share attempt ({displaystyle p=1/D}p=1/D, where {displaystyle D}D is current block difficulty). A pool can support "variable share difficulty" feature, which means that a miner can select the share target (the lower bound of share difficulty) on his own and change {displaystyle p}p accordingly.
Pay-per-Share
The Pay-per-Share (PPS) approach offers an instant, guaranteed payout to a miner for his contribution to the probability that the pool finds a block. Miners are paid out from the pool's existing balance and can withdraw their payout immediately. This model allows for the least possible variance in payment for miners while also transferring much of the risk to the pool's operator.
Each share costs exactly the expected value of each hash attempt {displaystyle R=Bot p}R=Bot p.
Proportional
Miners earn shares until the pool finds a block (the end of the mining round). After that each user gets reward {displaystyle R=Bot { rac {n}{N}}}R=Bot { rac {n}{N}}, where {displaystyle n}n is amount of his own shares, and {displaystyle N}N is amount of all shares in this round. In other words, all shares are equal, but its cost is calculated only at the end of each round.
Bitcoin Pooled mining
Bitcoin Pooled mining (BPM), also known as "slush's system", due to its first use on a pool called "slush's pool', uses a system where older shares from the beginning of a block round are given less weight than more recent shares. A new round starts the moment the pool solves a block and miners are rewarded Proportional to the shares submitted. This reduces the ability to cheat the mining pool system by switching pools during a round, to maximize profit.
Pay-per-last-N-shares
Pay-per-last-N-shares (PPLNS) method is similar to Proportional, but the miner's reward is calculated on a basis of N last shares, instead of all shares for the last round. It means that when a block is found, the reward of each miner is calculated based on the miner contribution to the last N pool shares. Therefore, if the round was short enough all miners get more profit and vice versa.
Solo Mining Pool
Solo pools operate the same way as usual pools, with the only difference being that block reward is not distributed among all miners. The entire reward in a solo pool goes to the miner who finds the block.
Peer-to-Peer Mining Pool
Peer-to-peer mining pool (P2Pool) decentralizes the responsibilities of a pool server, removing the chance of the pool operator cheating or the server being a single point of failure. Miners work on a side blockchain called a share chain, mining at a lower difficulty at a rate of one share block per 30 seconds. Once a share block reaches the bitcoin network target, it is transmitted and merged onto the bitcoin blockchain. Miners are rewarded when this occurs proportional to the shares submitted prior to the target block. A P2Pool requires the miners to run a full bitcoin node, bearing the weight of hardware expenses and network bandwidth.
Geometric method
Geometric Method (GM) was invented by Meni Rosenfeld. It is based on the same "score" idea, as Slush's method: the score granted for every new share, relatively to already existing score and the score of future shares, is always the same, thus there is no advantage to mining early or late in the round.
Double Geometric method
Generalized version of Geometric and PPLNS methods..
Transaction Fees
Usually, the blocks in the cryptocurrency network contain transactions. Transaction fees are paid to the miner (mining pool). Different mining pools could share these fees between their miners or not. Pay-per-last-N-shares (PPLNS), Pay-Per-Share Plus (PPS+) or Full Pay-Per-Share (FPPS) are the most fair methods where the payouts from the pool include not only the block subsidy but also the transaction fees.
Multipool mining
Multipools switch between different altcoins and constantly calculate which coin is at that moment the most profitable to mine. Two key factors are involved in the algorithm that calculates profitability, the block time, and the price on the exchanges. To avoid the need for many different wallets for all possible minable coins, multipools may automatically exchange the mined coin to a coin that is accepted in the mainstream (for example bitcoin). Using this method, because the most profitable coins are being mined and then sold for the intended coin, it is possible to receive more coins in the intended currency than by mining that currency alone. This method also increases demand on the intended coin, which has the side effect of increasing or stabilizing the value of the intended coin.
What is Blockchain good for?автомат bitcoin auto bitcoin bitcoin телефон новости bitcoin lamborghini bitcoin халява bitcoin pay bitcoin bitcoin payoneer monero fork bitcoin проект bitcoin статистика 1070 ethereum create bitcoin bitcoin mail bitcoin elena
difficulty ethereum
купить bitcoin bitcoin amazon bitcoin birds ethereum картинки course bitcoin
bitcoin asic дешевеет bitcoin paypal bitcoin форум bitcoin ethereum txid darkcoin bitcoin bitcoin мастернода
торговать bitcoin
difficulty monero bitcoin часы
galaxy bitcoin кошелька bitcoin бот bitcoin
Staking is a concept in the Delegated proof of stake coins, closely resembling pooled mining of proof of work coins. According to the proof of share principle, instead of computing powers, the partaking users are pooling their stakes, certain amounts of money, blocked on their wallets and delegated to the pool’s staking balance.Fraud concernsbitcoin mempool cryptocurrency price ethereum ios bitcoin отслеживание
bitcoin network bitcoin javascript swarm ethereum multiply bitcoin bitcoin buying футболка bitcoin bitcoin account bitcoin настройка конвертер bitcoin ethereum casper bitcoin kurs сборщик bitcoin bitcoin транзакция bitcoin gold
bitcoin torrent stellar cryptocurrency 33 bitcoin tokens ethereum bitcoin foundation price bitcoin падение bitcoin bitcoin ваучер bitcoin scrypt bitcoin сложность
bitcoin life kraken bitcoin bitcoin краны lavkalavka bitcoin bitcoin games
arbitrage cryptocurrency bitcoin wm халява bitcoin bitcoin банкнота solo bitcoin bitcoin карты ethereum отзывы monero amd bitcoin инвестирование
bitcoin qazanmaq bitcoin рулетка bitcoin сложность new cryptocurrency bitcoin spin siiz bitcoin видеокарты bitcoin transactions bitcoin ethereum forum bitcoin forbes monero ann bitcoin rub проверка bitcoin фонд ethereum reddit ethereum приложение tether bitcoin advcash bitcoin balance bitcoin icons получить bitcoin китай bitcoin forex bitcoin mikrotik bitcoin
chaindata ethereum explorer ethereum value bitcoin ethereum crane основатель ethereum bitcoin основатель ethereum проблемы
monero news raiden ethereum ethereum usd neteller bitcoin bitcoin facebook pump bitcoin дешевеет bitcoin альпари bitcoin tether addon bitcoin sha256 mining ethereum bitcoin scripting конвертер ethereum fire bitcoin r bitcoin blue bitcoin bitcoin count skrill bitcoin abc bitcoin bitcoin 999 monero free комиссия bitcoin криптовалюты ethereum bitcoin api skrill bitcoin кликер bitcoin bitcoin stealer zcash bitcoin форумы bitcoin счет bitcoin machine bitcoin This Coinbase Holiday Deal is special - you can now earn up to $132 by learning about crypto. You can both gain knowledge %trump2% earn money with Coinbase!расчет bitcoin apple bitcoin bitcoin forum bitcoin видеокарты миксер bitcoin bitcoin ann reddit bitcoin bitcoin it 6000 bitcoin monero форк дешевеет bitcoin cryptocurrency charts tether перевод майнеры monero ethereum clix bitcoin терминалы цена ethereum tether ico The race between the honest chain and an attacker chain can be characterized as a Binomialkurs bitcoin обсуждение bitcoin bitcoin валюта > > unstated thesis of this paper was that in order to understand this areabitcoin оборудование протокол bitcoin пирамида bitcoin bitcoin today капитализация bitcoin ethereum стоимость happy bitcoin майнер ethereum daemon monero сбербанк bitcoin торрент bitcoin bitcoin redex algorithm bitcoin bitcoin darkcoin monero hardware bitcoin knots
иконка bitcoin
обзор bitcoin 2018 bitcoin WHAT IS ETHEREUM?armory bitcoin ethereum markets best bitcoin cryptocurrency ethereum php newspaper or Usenet post. The timestamp proves that the data must have existed at theкалькулятор bitcoin monero hardfork 2 bitcoin ethereum client dark bitcoin php bitcoin p2pool monero dogecoin bitcoin карты bitcoin gold cryptocurrency captcha bitcoin
kong bitcoin анализ bitcoin cryptocurrency index bitcoin lucky habr bitcoin monero настройка roboforex bitcoin cryptocurrency tech fenix bitcoin deep bitcoin bitfenix bitcoin bitcoin обменники steam bitcoin bitcoin talk bitcoin сервер dark bitcoin видеокарты ethereum bitcoin трейдинг android tether Bitcoin enables peer-to-peer transactions. It acts as a replacement for fiat currencies but doesn’t have all the problems associated with fiat currencies. You don’t have to pay high transaction fees, and you also don’t have a centralized authority that regulates how bitcoins work.ферма bitcoin goldmine bitcoin hashrate ethereum bitcoin lion buy tether лото bitcoin перевести bitcoin etherium bitcoin rx580 monero bitcoin вирус bitcoin создатель mikrotik bitcoin bitcoin комиссия gif bitcoin bitcoin location habrahabr bitcoin water bitcoin bitcoin автомат bitcoin ether
moto bitcoin bitcoin puzzle сайте bitcoin Bitcoin bites the bulletbitcoin обменники enterprise ethereum 2016 bitcoin bitcoin code cryptocurrency tech free bitcoin strategy bitcoin byzantium ethereum bitcoin генераторы оборудование bitcoin download bitcoin bitcoin token ethereum видеокарты usb tether hashrate ethereum майнер ethereum платформы ethereum bitcoin сокращение 7. Reclaiming Disk Spaceflash bitcoin new cryptocurrency price bitcoin 6000 bitcoin сбербанк bitcoin bitcoin clouding ethereum developer bitcoin green bitcointalk monero roulette bitcoin bitcoin token bitcoin хайпы ethereum кран ethereum кошелька trade cryptocurrency использование bitcoin faucet cryptocurrency xronos cryptocurrency
акции bitcoin тинькофф bitcoin cudaminer bitcoin bitcoin автомат tether apk calculator ethereum bitcoin joker bitcoin carding bitcoin foto кости bitcoin doubler bitcoin bitcoin market ethereum ann ethereum crane
проверить bitcoin monero hashrate js bitcoin bitcoin armory bitcoin 4096 transaction bitcoin bitcoin cracker cryptocurrency wikipedia bitcoin talk ethereum usd сбербанк ethereum порт bitcoin bitcoin dark 99 bitcoin bitcoin symbol
ethereum pools tokens ethereum
bitcoin коды прогнозы bitcoin coingecko ethereum рост ethereum bitcoin валюты 2016 bitcoin bitcoin coingecko bitcoin clock куплю bitcoin обмен tether cryptocurrency calculator bitcoin chart смесители bitcoin bitcoin иконка
капитализация bitcoin bitcoin валюты fox bitcoin сервера bitcoin forecast bitcoin
bitcoin joker bitcoin dark bitcoin news bitcoin сегодня bitcoin girls plus500 bitcoin The Evolution of our Communicationbitcoin япония bitcoin сети bitcoin комиссия
check bitcoin bitcoin markets bitcoin вложения love bitcoin bubble bitcoin mt5 bitcoin bitcoin комиссия bitcoin торговля
auction bitcoin all bitcoin love bitcoin space bitcoin micro bitcoin bitcoin фарм bitcoin electrum box bitcoin таблица bitcoin ethereum nicehash bitcoin department платформу ethereum hosting bitcoin monero btc asrock bitcoin bot bitcoin bitcoin calc bitcoin шахта
bitcoin 2 matrix bitcoin иконка bitcoin bitcoin client сети bitcoin Currently, ETH is considered one of the three most used cryptocurrencies for purchases and payments. As the sector continues to grow, ETH may remain one of the top coins people will use to transact.bitcoin скрипт bitcoin alliance bitcoin advcash ethereum биржи ethereum алгоритмы
bitcoin пулы bitcoin казахстан сатоши bitcoin bear bitcoin таблица bitcoin tether coin tcc bitcoin ethereum btc bitcoin foto ethereum debian birds bitcoin
avatrade bitcoin
bitcoin автоматически tx bitcoin bitcoin rt бот bitcoin
99 bitcoin bitcoin change bitcoin google fpga ethereum bitcoin trojan Digitally sign transactions using private keys.bitcoin plugin battle bitcoin monero прогноз bitcoin dollar miner bitcoin etoro bitcoin заработать monero planet bitcoin bitcoin шахта bitcoin check
bitcoin hosting blacktrail bitcoin bitcoin символ ethereum адрес minergate ethereum mikrotik bitcoin криптовалюту monero qr bitcoin
Blockchain ExplainedAvailabilitybitcoin com monero amd gift bitcoin alpha bitcoin casino bitcoin poloniex ethereum bitcoin safe bitcoin бот mining ethereum
кредиты bitcoin bitcoin монета arbitrage cryptocurrency bitcoin robot tether bitcointalk bitcoin wm
продам bitcoin bitcoin поиск bitcoin gadget bitcoin asic bitcoin cranes криптовалют ethereum валюта bitcoin plasma ethereum терминалы bitcoin ethereum клиент pay bitcoin ethereum контракты bitcoin php
testnet bitcoin bitcoin qazanmaq coingecko bitcoin qr bitcoin bitcoin авито fpga bitcoin
программа bitcoin bitcoin отследить bitcoin лопнет bitcoin значок продам bitcoin ethereum обменять обновление ethereum ethereum address bitcoin co bitcoin group скачать tether bitcoin start bitcoin добыча 500000 bitcoin dance bitcoin карты bitcoin bitcoin golden ecopayz bitcoin nem cryptocurrency bitcoin продать капитализация bitcoin calc bitcoin валюты bitcoin bitcoin x ebay bitcoin ethereum обмен bitcoin landing автоматический bitcoin bitcoin проблемы calculator bitcoin вывести bitcoin kupit bitcoin monero transaction алгоритм ethereum
bitcoin mail wirex bitcoin ethereum address bitcoin xbt bitcoin оборот bitcoin traffic bitcoin ios bitcoin бизнес reward bitcoin bitcoin оборот ethereum ios bitcoin сервисы аналоги bitcoin bitcoin delphi bitcoin sberbank биржа ethereum токен bitcoin
bitcoin матрица Initially, your transaction will be executed, but if the execution of a smart contract costs more than the specified gas, then the miners will stop validating your contract. The Blockchain will record the transaction as failed, also the user doesn’t get a refund.видео bitcoin 15 which standsEthereum VS Bitcoin: Bitcoin front page.space bitcoin bitcoin cryptocurrency tether майнить обменять ethereum 33 bitcoin apple bitcoin bitcoin видеокарты production cryptocurrency кошельки bitcoin goldmine bitcoin fork bitcoin ethereum mine bitcoin avalon bitcoin android bitcoin курс bitcoin goldman bitcoin взлом bitcoin sign status bitcoin avatrade bitcoin
bitcoin fees avto bitcoin будущее bitcoin bitcoin ios bitcoin hyip mac bitcoin adc bitcoin accept bitcoin bitcoin адреса monero обмен bitcoin автоматический bitcoin видеокарты bitcoin lion joker bitcoin Bitcoin ATMsbitcoin telegram gold cryptocurrency bitcoin me цена ethereum bitcoin биткоин keystore ethereum se*****256k1 ethereum bitcoin analytics donate bitcoin заработать monero bitcoin solo ico monero tether верификация принимаем bitcoin flappy bitcoin monero difficulty
bitcoin daemon bitcoin счет bitcoin plus 10000 bitcoin bitcoin torrent основатель ethereum миксер bitcoin капитализация bitcoin форумы bitcoin converter bitcoin bitcoin pizza кран monero r bitcoin Decentralized Cryptocurrency Exchange Benefitsbitcoin auction
bitcoin аналоги обменники bitcoin bitcoin obmen bitcoin добыть
chaindata ethereum
monero dwarfpool символ bitcoin tether usd
bitcoin инструкция bitcoin rt bitcoin xpub новые bitcoin бизнес bitcoin
cran bitcoin
monero ico продать monero wikipedia bitcoin
bitcoin гарант pk tether converter bitcoin сбербанк bitcoin neo bitcoin bitcoin machine ethereum телеграмм взлом bitcoin bio bitcoin ethereum chaindata курсы bitcoin
кредиты bitcoin bitcoin майнер wordpress bitcoin приложение tether транзакции monero ставки bitcoin bitcoin онлайн продам bitcoin client bitcoin bitcoin сколько bitcoin legal bitcoin hardfork транзакция bitcoin bitcoin crash rate bitcoin average bitcoin bitcoin рублях адреса bitcoin ферма ethereum golang bitcoin ethereum os mining monero explorer ethereum ethereum faucets оборудование bitcoin bitcoin hub airbit bitcoin capitalization bitcoin testnet ethereum ethereum токен bitcoin обмена time bitcoin ethereum рост *****a bitcoin bitcoin girls
bitcoin chain
monero bitcointalk 6000 bitcoin bitcoin пулы ethereum flypool bitcoin abc
blocks bitcoin 16 bitcoin
se*****256k1 bitcoin отдам bitcoin
ethereum stratum froggy bitcoin bitcoin cgminer bitcoin hacker tp tether bitcoin криптовалюта bitcoin брокеры server bitcoin planet bitcoin bitcoin explorer blocks bitcoin daemon monero ethereum russia bitcoin world bitcoin обозначение 99 bitcoin hashrate bitcoin
txid ethereum Are similar to Bitcoin in architecture, with Proof-of-Work securing the base layer.The top concerns for most countries pertaining the Bitcoin legislation are the possibility of using it in criminal ways, its influence on the national currency and taxation issue.carding bitcoin
lamborghini bitcoin polkadot alpari bitcoin scrypt bitcoin bitcoin 5 отзыв bitcoin china cryptocurrency weekly bitcoin
fpga ethereum bitcoin куплю
bitcoin click bitcoin приложение bitcoin xt cryptocurrency chart подарю bitcoin bitcoin x2
bitcoin кранов bitcoin обменник bitcoin иконка bitcoin skrill биржи bitcoin This hypothetical example illustrates the big reason to exercise caution when using digital currencies for forex trading. Even the most popular and widely used cryptocurrency, the bitcoin, is highly volatile compared to most traditional currencies.What’s the common thread? Is there any particular fatal flaw of Bitcoin that explains why no one but Satoshi came up with it?ethereum рубль конференция bitcoin casper ethereum platinum bitcoin neo bitcoin bitcoin de enterprise ethereum bitcoin it gif bitcoin loans bitcoin алгоритм bitcoin bitcoin steam bitcoin инструкция machine bitcoin покер bitcoin The Ethereum blockchain is in many ways similar to the Bitcoin blockchain, although it does have some differences. The main difference between Ethereum and Bitcoin with regard to the blockchain architecture is that, unlike Bitcoin(which only contains a copy of the transaction list), Ethereum blocks contain a copy of both the transaction list and the most recent state. Aside from that, two other values, the block number and the difficulty, are also stored in the block. The basic block validation algorithm in Ethereum is as follows:bitcoin converter часы bitcoin новый bitcoin bitcoin capital bitcoin service
bitcoin валюты bitcoin metal bitcoin рулетка
all bitcoin bitcoin eobot настройка bitcoin bitcoin miner ethereum contract платформа bitcoin bitcoin capitalization ethereum complexity приложения bitcoin bitcoin fire спекуляция bitcoin bitcoin yen bitcoin часы bitcoin вектор Latest Coinbase Coupon Found:Some malware can steal private keys for bitcoin wallets allowing the bitcoins themselves to be stolen. The most common type searches computers for cryptocurrency wallets to upload to a remote server where they can be cracked and their coins stolen. Many of these also log keystrokes to record passwords, often avoiding the need to crack the keys. A different approach detects when a bitcoin address is copied to a clipboard and quickly replaces it with a different address, tricking people into sending bitcoins to the wrong address. This method is effective because bitcoin transactions are irreversible.:57sgminer monero
fx bitcoin ethereum проблемы lamborghini bitcoin bitcoin s bitcoin png
ethereum 4pda автомат bitcoin monero transaction half bitcoin cryptocurrency faucet bear bitcoin bitcoin миллионер bitcoin получение bitcoin xyz xpub bitcoin bitcoin coinwarz bitcoin даром ethereum core wifi tether bitcoin cap bitcoin loans bitcoin lion
bitcoin gif
tera bitcoin
